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Different patterns of shrinkage in the brain and spinal cord are associated with distinct clinical outcomes in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a study reports. Findings suggest that NMOSD patients showing shrinkage, or atrophy, in outer brain regions are more likely to experience substantial physical disability and/or…

Low vitamin D levels, certain infections, and specific dietary habits may increase the risk of developing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). That’s according to the findings of a systematic review that analyzed data from 50 studies involving more than 21,000 people worldwide. Certain modifiable factors, such as diets high…

People with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have abnormally high levels of S100A9, a protein that drives the inflammatory activity of certain immune cells, a study discovered. According to the researchers, higher S100A9 levels in the blood were significantly associated with more severe disability among patients. These findings thus…

Ofatumumab, a medication approved for multiple sclerosis (MS), may effectively prevent relapses and disability in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), according to a study in China. At their last follow-up, about 80% of the 112 patients analyzed were free from relapses, and more than 60% experienced significant reductions…

People testing negative for self-reactive antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgGs) — the type of antibody most commonly linked to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) — rarely become positive for these antibodies on subsequent tests. These are the findings of a real-world study in the U.S. involving 451 people suspected of…

Higher blood levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are significantly associated with shrinkage in certain brain regions of people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who have antibodies against the AQP4 protein, a study showed. This association was not observed in people with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated…

A blood test measuring levels of the GPR37 protein may help diagnose neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), assess disease severity, and monitor treatment response, according to a new study. The GPR37 test was also able to distinguish NMOSD from multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological disorders. “Our findings…

More than half of women with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have never discussed pregnancy with their neurologist, and over 40% report that their pregnancies were unplanned, according to data from a survey-based study in Argentina. This lack of communication means that many women with NMOSD may enter pregnancy…

More than one-third of people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have involuntary muscle contractions or movements, while about one-quarter develop a lack of motor coordination. That’s according to a systematic review of nearly 100 published studies, which found that individuals with NMOSD may experience a wide range of…

The gut hormone GLP-1 may contribute to brain inflammation in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), leading to episodes of uncontrollable nausea, vomiting, or hiccups — a condition known as area postrema syndrome (APS), a new study suggests. These findings raise a crucial question about the use of…